A Motor Driver is an electronic module that controls electric motors. It acts as an interface between a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, ESP32) and a motor, since microcontrollers cannot supply sufficient current directly.
Motor drivers allow control of:
Rotation direction (Forward / Reverse)
Speed control via PWM
Braking
Protection features (in some models)
Current amplification
Direction control using an H-Bridge circuit
PWM-based speed regulation
Back EMF protection
1️⃣ DC Motor Driver (H-Bridge)
For brushed DC motors
Controls forward/reverse motion
2️⃣ Stepper Motor Driver
Controls stepper motors
Manages step count and direction
3️⃣ Servo Driver
Controls multiple servo motors
Operates via PWM or I2C
4️⃣ BLDC Motor Driver (ESC)
For brushless DC motors
Common in drones and high-speed systems
Robot cars
Robotic arms
Conveyor systems
CNC machines / 3D printers
IoT and automation projects